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    <li class="nav-header no-margin-top">
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of JSON-Tiny was released.">
      <span class="relatize">12 Nov 2017 16:01:34 UTC</span>
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  <li>
    Distribution: <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny">JSON-Tiny</a>
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  <li>
    Module version: 0.58
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    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny/source/lib/JSON/Tiny.pm">Source</a>
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        <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g r" href="https://github.com/daoswald/JSON-Tiny">Repository</a>
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      <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=JSON-Tiny">Issues</a>
      (2)
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    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=JSON-Tiny+0.58" title="Matrix">Testers</a>
        <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/J/JSON-Tiny.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.58&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">3363</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/J/JSON-Tiny.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.58&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">52</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/J/JSON-Tiny.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=0.58&amp;grade=4">0</a>)</span>
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    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.58">Kwalitee</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on JSON-Tiny who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)">
      Bus factor: 0
      </div>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/JSON-Tiny-0.58/index.html">97.17% Coverage </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      License: artistic_2
    </li>
    <li>
      Perl: v5.8.0
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Activity</li>
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<div class="activity-graph">
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    <div class="comment">24 month</div>
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>0.28
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>0.25
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>0.23
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>0.01
  (DAVIDO on 2012-10-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="MORITZ/JSON-Tiny-0.1.1"
>0.1.1
  (MORITZ on 2009-06-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="MORITZ/JSON-Tiny-0.1.0"
>0.1.0
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>0.33
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>0.32
  (DAVIDO on 2013-06-22)</option>
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>0.31
  (DAVIDO on 2013-06-19)</option>
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>0.30
  (DAVIDO on 2013-06-19)</option>
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>0.29
  (DAVIDO on 2013-06-18)</option>
<option
  
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>0.28
  (DAVIDO on 2013-06-01)</option>
<option
  
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>0.27
  (DAVIDO on 2013-05-15)</option>
<option
  
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>0.26
  (DAVIDO on 2013-05-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.25"
>0.25
  (DAVIDO on 2013-03-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.23"
>0.23
  (DAVIDO on 2013-02-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.22"
>0.22
  (DAVIDO on 2012-11-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.21"
>0.21
  (DAVIDO on 2012-10-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="DAVIDO/JSON-Tiny-0.20"
>0.20
  (DAVIDO on 2012-10-04)</option>
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>0.01
  (DAVIDO on 2012-10-03)</option>
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>0.1.1
  (MORITZ on 2009-06-17)</option>
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>0.1.0
  (MORITZ on 2009-06-17)</option>
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<nav class="toc">
  <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div>
<ul>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#NAME">NAME</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#decode_json">decode_json</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#encode_json">encode_json</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#false">false</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#from_json">from_json</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#j">j</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#to_json">to_json</a></li>
      <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#true">true</a>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#More-on-Booleans">More on Booleans</a></li>
        </ul>
      </li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#Tiny">Tiny</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#CONFIGURATION-AND-ENVIRONMENT">CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#DEPENDENCIES">DEPENDENCIES</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#INCOMPATIBILITIES">INCOMPATIBILITIES</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#LICENSE-AND-COPYRIGHT">LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT</a></li>
  <li><a href="./JSON::Tiny.html#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul></nav>
<div class="pod anchors">
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>

<p>JSON::Tiny - Minimalistic JSON. No dependencies.</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>  use JSON::Tiny qw(decode_json encode_json);

  my $bytes = encode_json {foo =&gt; [1, 2], bar =&gt; &#39;hello!&#39;, baz =&gt; \1};
  my $hash  = decode_json $bytes;</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> is a minimalistic standalone adaptation of <a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a>, from the <a href="Mojolicious.html">Mojolicious</a> framework. It is a single-source-file module with under 300 lines of code and core-only dependencies.</p>

<p>Features include transparent Unicode support, speed, small memory footprint, and a minimal code base ideal for bundling or inlining. Along with <a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a>, it is among the fastest pure-Perl implementations of <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159">RFC 7159</a>.</p>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> supports normal Perl data types like scalar, array reference, hash reference, and will try to call the <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/TO_JSON">TO_JSON</a> method on blessed references, or stringify them if it doesn&#39;t exist.</p>

<p>Differentiating between strings and numbers in Perl is hard; depending on how it has been used, a scalar can be both at the same time. The string value has a higher precedence unless both representations are equivalent.</p>

<pre><code>  [1, -2, 3]     -&gt; [1, -2, 3]
  {&quot;foo&quot;: &quot;bar&quot;} -&gt; {foo =&gt; &#39;bar&#39;}</code></pre>

<p>Literal names will be translated to and from <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> constants or a similar native Perl value.</p>

<pre><code>  true  -&gt; JSON::Tiny-&gt;true
  false -&gt; JSON::Tiny-&gt;false
  null  -&gt; undef</code></pre>

<p>Scalar references will be used to generate Booleans, based on if their values are true or false.</p>

<pre><code>  \1 =&gt; true
  \0 =&gt; false</code></pre>

<p>The two Unicode whitespace characters <code>u2028</code> and <code>u2029</code> will always be escaped to make JSONP easier, and the character <code>/</code> to prevent XSS attacks.</p>

<h1 id="FUNCTIONS">FUNCTIONS</h1>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> implements the following functions, which can be imported individually.</p>

<h2 id="decode_json">decode_json</h2>

<pre><code>  my $value = decode_json $bytes;</code></pre>

<p>Decode JSON to Perl value and die if decoding fails.</p>

<h2 id="encode_json">encode_json</h2>

<pre><code>  my $bytes = encode_json {foo =&gt; &#39;bar&#39;};</code></pre>

<p>Encode Perl value to JSON.</p>

<h2 id="false">false</h2>

<pre><code>  my $false = false;</code></pre>

<p>False value, used because Perl has no equivalent.</p>

<h2 id="from_json">from_json</h2>

<pre><code>  my $value = from_json $chars;</code></pre>

<p>Decode JSON text that is not <code>UTF-8</code> encoded to Perl value and die if decoding fails.</p>

<h2 id="j">j</h2>

<pre><code>  my $bytes = j [1, 2, 3];
  my $bytes = j {foo =&gt; &#39;bar&#39;};
  my $value = j $bytes;</code></pre>

<p>Encode Perl data structure (which may only be an array reference or hash reference) or decode JSON. An <code>undef</code> return value indicates a bare <code>null</code>. Dies if decoding fails.</p>

<h2 id="to_json">to_json</h2>

<pre><code>  my $chars = to_json {i =&gt; &#39;&hearts; Perl&#39;};</code></pre>

<p>Encode Perl value to JSON text without <code>UTF-8</code> encoding it.</p>

<h2 id="true">true</h2>

<pre><code>  my $true = true;</code></pre>

<p>True value, used because Perl has no native equivalent.</p>

<h3 id="More-on-Booleans"><a id="More"></a>More on Booleans</h3>

<p>A reference to a scalar (even if blessed) is encoded as a Boolean value unless it has a TO_JSON method.</p>

<pre><code>  my $json = $j-&gt;encode( { b =&gt; \1, a =&gt; \0 } ); # {&quot;b&quot;:true,&quot;a&quot;:false}</code></pre>

<p>Boolean false and true values returned when JSON is decoded are JSON::Tiny::_Bool objects with overloaded stringification.</p>

<p><b>Advanced option</b>: Users requiring a plain old literal <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>, may set <code>$JSON::Tiny::FALSE = 0;</code> and <code>$JSON::Tiny::TRUE = 1;</code>. Any value, including blessed references will work. This must be set prior to calling a JSON decoding function. Use <code>local</code> to limit scope.</p>

<h1 id="Tiny">Tiny</h1>

<p>JSON::Tiny compared with JSON::PP from the <a href="JSON.html">JSON</a> distribution:</p>

<ul>

<li><p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::PP">JSON::PP</a> is configurable, but more complex. <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> offers sane defaults, and no configuration.</p>

</li>
<li><p>Download and install with <code>cpanm</code>: <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::PP">JSON::PP</a>, 5.2 seconds. <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a>, 1.9 seconds.</p>

</li>
<li><p>Minimal Dependencies: Both <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::PP">JSON::PP</a> and <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> only use core dependencies. JSON::Tiny requires Perl 5.8.4, while <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::PP">JSON::PP</a> requires 5.6.</p>

</li>
<li><p>Simple Design: <a href="JSON.html">JSON</a> has 2254 lines of code, six modules and five files. Distribution: 85KB.</p>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> has under 300 lines of code; an embeddable single-file module. Distribution: 18KB.</p>

</li>
<li><p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::PP">JSON::PP</a> has 42 functions and methods. <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/JSON-Tiny/lib/JSON/Tiny.pod">JSON::Tiny</a> has seven.</p>

</li>
<li><p>Performance:</p>

<pre><code>             Rate   JSON_PP JSON_Tiny
  JSON_PP   304/s        --      -52%
  JSON_Tiny 636/s      109%        --</code></pre>

<p><a href="JSON.html">JSON</a> uses <a href="./JSON::XS.html">JSON::XS</a> if it&#39;s available, in which case <a href="JSON.html">JSON</a> wins. See <code>examples/json_bench.pl</code> for benchmark code.</p>

<p>JSON::Tiny&#39;s lightweight design reduces its startup time compared to the <a href="JSON.html">JSON</a> module. This may benefit frequently run applications like CGI.</p>

</li>
<li><p>Light Memory Needs: Memory usage was tested with <a href="http://valgrind.org/valgrind">http://valgrind.org/valgrind</a> and <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Devel::MemoryTrace::Light">Devel::MemoryTrace::Light</a> by running <code>examples/json_pp.pl</code> and <code>examples/json_tiny.pl</code>.</p>

<pre><code>             valgrind  Devel::MemoryTrace::Light
  JSON::PP   5.1MB     3.7MB
  JSON::Tiny 4.5MB     2.6MB</code></pre>

</li>
</ul>

<h1 id="CONFIGURATION-AND-ENVIRONMENT"><a id="CONFIGURATION"></a>CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT</h1>

<p>No configuration.</p>

<h1 id="DEPENDENCIES">DEPENDENCIES</h1>

<p>Perl 5.8.4 or newer. <b>Perl 5.10+ is recommended due to bugs in Perl 5.8&#39;s regular expression engine.</b></p>

<h1 id="INCOMPATIBILITIES">INCOMPATIBILITIES</h1>

<p>Incompatible with <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Exporter">Exporter</a> versions older than 5.59 (ie, predating Perl 5.8.4).</p>

<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>

<p>David Oswald, <code>&lt;davido at cpan.org&gt;</code></p>

<p>Code and tests adapted from <a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a>.</p>

<h1 id="SUPPORT">SUPPORT</h1>

<p>Direct support requests to the author. Direct bug reports to CPAN&#39;s Request Tracker (RT).</p>

<p>You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.</p>

<pre><code>  perldoc JSON::Tiny</code></pre>

<p>You may look for additional information at:</p>

<ul>

<li><p>Github: Development is hosted on Github at:</p>

<p><a href="http://www.github.com/daoswald/JSON-Tiny">http://www.github.com/daoswald/JSON-Tiny</a></p>

</li>
<li><p>RT: CPAN&#39;s request tracker (bug reports)</p>

<p><a href="http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=JSON-Tiny">http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=JSON-Tiny</a></p>

</li>
<li><p>AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation</p>

<p><a href="http://annocpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny">http://annocpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny</a></p>

</li>
<li><p>CPAN Ratings</p>

<p><a href="http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/JSON-Tiny">http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/JSON-Tiny</a></p>

</li>
<li><p>Search CPAN</p>

<p><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny/">http://search.cpan.org/dist/JSON-Tiny/</a></p>

</li>
</ul>

<h1 id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h1>

<p><a href="Mojolicious.html">Mojolicious</a> team for its lightweight JSON implementation. This module was adapted from <a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a> because it is robust, minimal, and well tested. Mojo::JSON&#39;s tests were also adapted to a dependency-free design.</p>

<p>Christian Hansen, whos <a href="https://gist.github.com/chansen/810296">GitHub Gist</a> formed the basis for <a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a>, and subsequently JSON::Tiny.</p>

<p>Randal Schwartz showed his pure-regexp JSON parser (<a href="http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=995856">PerlMonks</a>) to Los Angeles Perl Mongers (09/2012). He wasn&#39;t involved in JSON::Tiny, but exploring alternatives to his solution led to this project.</p>

<h1 id="LICENSE-AND-COPYRIGHT"><a id="LICENSE"></a>LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT</h1>

<p>Copyright 2012-2014 David Oswald.</p>

<p>This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the Artistic License version 2.0.</p>

<p>See <a href="http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0">http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0</a> for more information.</p>

<h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1>

<p><a href="./Mojo::JSON.html">Mojo::JSON</a>, <a href="JSON.html">JSON</a>, <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159">RFC7159</a>.</p></div>

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